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1 чертеж
drawing [dwg], diagram, plan, designчертеж компоновочный — layout drawing, general arrangement (drawing)чертеж контурный, с проставленными размерами — outline drawingчертеж общего вида — general drawing, general view drawing, general arrangement drawingчертеж сборочный — assembly drawing, erection drawingчертеж схематический — diagrammatic drawing, diagrammatic sketchчертеж установочный — outline assembly drawing, installation drawingчертеж эскизный — sketch, outline drawingбез чертежа — without [w/o] drawing, less drawingПоставки машин и оборудования. Русско-английский словарь > чертеж
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2 макет
1) General subject: d, decoy, dummy, maquette, miniature (модели построек и т. п. в миниатюре), model, training hardware (для тренировки), draft (a preliminary draft of a report)2) Aviation: mock-up model3) Naval: diagram4) Military: deception device, simulation device (цели, объекта)5) Engineering: breadboard, breadboard construction, breadboard model, camera-ready copy, dummy (модель), experimental model, model (модель), pattern (модель), prototype (опытный образец), set-up6) Automobile industry: mockup (автомобиля, трактора)7) Architecture: architectural model, maquette (exterior, interior, urban, engineering and construction models)8) Cinema: miniature (модели построек и т.п. в миниатюре), scale model9) Polygraphy: layout sheet, mock-up (модель)10) TV: setup11) Telecommunications: preliminary sample12) Information technology: artwork, brassboard, dummy (установки), layout, layout drawing (расположения информации на перфокарте), mockup, model set14) Astronautics: benchmark unit, engineering unit, equivalent, replica, simulator16) Metrology: prototype unit17) Mechanics: physical simulator, prototype hardware20) Household appliances: breadboard construction setup21) Microelectronics: brassboard prototype, breadboard prototype22) Automation: production prototype23) Quality control: breadboard kit, preproduction prototype24) Robots: dummy model ( бутафорский), mock-up (бутафорский), prototype hardware (аппаратный), puppet (массогабаритный)25) Chemical weapons: layout (печатных изданий)26) Aviation medicine: simulator device27) Makarov: dummy (модель, напр. автомобиля, самолёта и т.п. в различных масштабах для целей проектирования, обучения и т.п.), dummy (установки, машины), layout draw, mock-up (в натуральную величину), mock-up (модель, напр. автомобиля, самолёта и т.п. в различных масштабах для целей проектирования, обучения и т.п.), mockup (в натуральную величину), model (модель, напр. автомобиля, самолёта и т.п. в различных масштабах для целей проектирования, обучения и т.п.), pattern (модель, напр. автомобиля, самолёта и т.п. в различных масштабах для целей проектирования, обучения и т.п.), phantom, prototype model -
3 Gresley, Sir Herbert Nigel
[br]b. 19 June 1876 Edinburgh, Scotlandd. 5 April 1941 Hertford, England[br]English mechanical engineer, designer of the A4-class 4–6–2 locomotive holding the world speed record for steam traction.[br]Gresley was the son of the Rector of Netherseale, Derbyshire; he was educated at Marlborough and by the age of 13 was skilled at making sketches of locomotives. In 1893 he became a pupil of F.W. Webb at Crewe works, London \& North Western Railway, and in 1898 he moved to Horwich works, Lancashire \& Yorkshire Railway, to gain drawing-office experience under J.A.F.Aspinall, subsequently becoming Foreman of the locomotive running sheds at Blackpool. In 1900 he transferred to the carriage and wagon department, and in 1904 he had risen to become its Assistant Superintendent. In 1905 he moved to the Great Northern Railway, becoming Superintendent of its carriage and wagon department at Doncaster under H.A. Ivatt. In 1906 he designed and produced a bogie luggage van with steel underframe, teak body, elliptical roof, bowed ends and buckeye couplings: this became the prototype for East Coast main-line coaches built over the next thirty-five years. In 1911 Gresley succeeded Ivatt as Locomotive, Carriage \& Wagon Superintendent. His first locomotive was a mixed-traffic 2–6–0, his next a 2–8–0 for freight. From 1915 he worked on the design of a 4–6–2 locomotive for express passenger traffic: as with Ivatt's 4 4 2s, the trailing axle would allow the wide firebox needed for Yorkshire coal. He also devised a means by which two sets of valve gear could operate the valves on a three-cylinder locomotive and applied it for the first time on a 2–8–0 built in 1918. The system was complex, but a later simplified form was used on all subsequent Gresley three-cylinder locomotives, including his first 4–6–2 which appeared in 1922. In 1921, Gresley introduced the first British restaurant car with electric cooking facilities.With the grouping of 1923, the Great Northern Railway was absorbed into the London \& North Eastern Railway and Gresley was appointed Chief Mechanical Engineer. More 4–6– 2s were built, the first British class of such wheel arrangement. Modifications to their valve gear, along lines developed by G.J. Churchward, reduced their coal consumption sufficiently to enable them to run non-stop between London and Edinburgh. So that enginemen might change over en route, some of the locomotives were equipped with corridor tenders from 1928. The design was steadily improved in detail, and by comparison an experimental 4–6–4 with a watertube boiler that Gresley produced in 1929 showed no overall benefit. A successful high-powered 2–8–2 was built in 1934, following the introduction of third-class sleeping cars, to haul 500-ton passenger trains between Edinburgh and Aberdeen.In 1932 the need to meet increasing road competition had resulted in the end of a long-standing agreement between East Coast and West Coast railways, that train journeys between London and Edinburgh by either route should be scheduled to take 8 1/4 hours. Seeking to accelerate train services, Gresley studied high-speed, diesel-electric railcars in Germany and petrol-electric railcars in France. He considered them for the London \& North Eastern Railway, but a test run by a train hauled by one of his 4–6–2s in 1934, which reached 108 mph (174 km/h), suggested that a steam train could better the railcar proposals while its accommodation would be more comfortable. To celebrate the Silver Jubilee of King George V, a high-speed, streamlined train between London and Newcastle upon Tyne was proposed, the first such train in Britain. An improved 4–6–2, the A4 class, was designed with modifications to ensure free running and an ample reserve of power up hill. Its streamlined outline included a wedge-shaped front which reduced wind resistance and helped to lift the exhaust dear of the cab windows at speed. The first locomotive of the class, named Silver Link, ran at an average speed of 100 mph (161 km/h) for 43 miles (69 km), with a maximum speed of 112 1/2 mph (181 km/h), on a seven-coach test train on 27 September 1935: the locomotive went into service hauling the Silver Jubilee express single-handed (since others of the class had still to be completed) for the first three weeks, a round trip of 536 miles (863 km) daily, much of it at 90 mph (145 km/h), without any mechanical troubles at all. Coaches for the Silver Jubilee had teak-framed, steel-panelled bodies on all-steel, welded underframes; windows were double glazed; and there was a pressure ventilation/heating system. Comparable trains were introduced between London Kings Cross and Edinburgh in 1937 and to Leeds in 1938.Gresley did not hesitate to incorporate outstanding features from elsewhere into his locomotive designs and was well aware of the work of André Chapelon in France. Four A4s built in 1938 were equipped with Kylchap twin blast-pipes and double chimneys to improve performance still further. The first of these to be completed, no. 4468, Mallard, on 3 July 1938 ran a test train at over 120 mph (193 km/h) for 2 miles (3.2 km) and momentarily achieved 126 mph (203 km/h), the world speed record for steam traction. J.Duddington was the driver and T.Bray the fireman. The use of high-speed trains came to an end with the Second World War. The A4s were then demonstrated to be powerful as well as fast: one was noted hauling a 730-ton, 22-coach train at an average speed exceeding 75 mph (120 km/h) over 30 miles (48 km). The war also halted electrification of the Manchester-Sheffield line, on the 1,500 volt DC overhead system; however, anticipating eventual resumption, Gresley had a prototype main-line Bo-Bo electric locomotive built in 1941. Sadly, Gresley died from a heart attack while still in office.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsKnighted 1936. President, Institution of Locomotive Engineers 1927 and 1934. President, Institution of Mechanical Engineers 1936.Further ReadingF.A.S.Brown, 1961, Nigel Gresley, Locomotive Engineer, Ian Allan (full-length biography).John Bellwood and David Jenkinson, Gresley and Stanier. A Centenary Tribute (a good comparative account).See also: Bulleid, Oliver Vaughan SnellPJGRBiographical history of technology > Gresley, Sir Herbert Nigel
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4 Issigonis, Sir Alexander Arnold Constantine (Alec)
[br]b. 18 November 1906 Smyrna (now Izmir), Turkeyd. 2 October 1988 Birmingham, England[br]British automobile designer whose work included the Morris Minor and the Mini series.[br]His father was of Greek descent but was a naturalized British subject in Turkey who ran a marine engineering business. After the First World War, the British in Turkey were evacuated by the Royal Navy, the Issigonis family among them. His father died en route in Malta, but the rest of the family arrived in England in 1922. Alec studied engineering at Battersea Polytechnic for three years and in 1928 was employed as a draughtsman by a firm of consulting engineers in Victoria Street who were working on a form of automatic transmission. He had occasion to travel frequently in the Midlands at this time and visited many factories in the automobile industry. He was offered a job in the drawing office at Humber and lived for a couple of years in Kenilworth. While there he met Robert Boyle, Chief Engineer of Morris Motors (see Morris, William Richard), who offered him a job at Cowley. There he worked at first on the design of independent front suspension. At Morris Motors, he designed the Morris Minor, which entered production in 1948 and continued to be manufactured until 1971. Issigonis disliked mergers, and after the merger of Morris with Austin to form the British Motor Corporation (BMC) he left to join Alvis in 1952. The car he designed there, a V8 saloon, was built as a prototype but was never put into production. Following his return to BMC to become Technical Director in 1955, his most celebrated design was the Mini series, which entered production in 1959. This was a radically new concept: it was unique for its combination of a transversely mounted engine in unit with the gearbox, front wheel drive and rubber suspension system. This suspension system, designed in cooperation with Alex Moulton, was also a fundamental innovation, developed from the system designed by Moulton for the earlier Alvis prototype. Issigonis remained as Technical Director of BMC until his retirement.[br]Further ReadingPeter King, 1989, The Motor Men. Pioneers of the British Motor Industry, London: Quiller Press.IMcNBiographical history of technology > Issigonis, Sir Alexander Arnold Constantine (Alec)
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5 в уменьшенном масштабе
* * *В уменьшенном масштабеIt was found expedient to build a subscale prototype. (... выполненный в уменьшенном масштабе опытный образец)The uncontrolled NOx, emissions for the scaled combustor compared well with mean results for the full-sized combustor.Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > в уменьшенном масштабе
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6 шаблон
1) General subject: cam, centre, cliche, face mould, former, gage, gauge, jig, model, mould, pattern, routine, sample, shape, stencil, stencil plate, stereotype, template2) Computers: layout constant3) Geology: gauge board4) Aviation: flat pattern5) Medicine: mold6) Colloquial: rubber stamp8) Engineering: bobbin (для обмотки), copy, face-mould, form, formed plate, gauge group, guide block, master form, master plate, master workpiece, matrix, picture, profile, profile form, profile gage, sampler, stencil mask (для трафаретной печати), sweep, template gage, templet, templet gage9) Chemistry: caliber10) Construction: basket (для фиксации положения штырей в швах бетонных дорожных покрытий), guiding rule, leveling board (для разравнивания бетонной или растворной смеси), mould board, pitch board, pregauger, reference gauge, scantling gauge, screed, screed board (для разравнивания бетонной или растворной смеси), smoothing board, strike board, strikle, mould-board, tram11) Railway term: copperspun rotor, copying bar, moulding board12) Australian slang: number15) Road works: mule16) Forestry: center, molding block, molding board, sticking board, torsel17) Metallurgy: strickle, striker, sweep (для формовки без модели)18) Abbreviation: temp19) Textile: drawing, outline frame, printing block (для ручной набивки), setting gauge20) Physics: profile board21) Electronics: mask22) Information technology: boiler, boiler plate, boilerplate (в системах подготовки текстов), custom pattern, mold (АЛГОЛ 68), placeholder, template (Используется при описании ресурсов типа "панель диалога"), wildcard, wildcard character23) Oil: drift mandrel, dummy (насосной установки), gage, matrice material, drift (дефектоскопия трубы, прогоняется внутри трубы)24) Dentistry: putty index25) Astronautics: master gage (для сверления отверстий), master plate (для сверления отверстий), template (для сверления отверстий)26) Cartography: guide27) Geophysics: recording patch28) Mechanic engineering: face cam29) Silicates: mold block, temple30) Mechanics: control template, copy machining template, copy template, guiding template, master template, profile template31) Sowing: preparation attachment32) Advertising: formula33) Drilling: rabbit34) Sakhalin energy glossary: drift / rabbit (для проверки диаметра обсадной трубы перед спуском), gauge (gage)35) Polymers: shaping plate36) Programming: framework (напр. структурный), template (Параметризованный тип. Шаблон позволяет сгенерировать нужный тип - в зависимости от значения аргумента)37) Automation: control templet, copy machining templet, copy templet, copying templet, form gage, formed, guiding templet, master, master templet, master-former, modelwork, profile templet, tracing master38) Quality control: profile gauge39) Plastics: calibre, stencil (для раскраски и печати)41) Cables: template (templet)42) Makarov: former (напр. буквы для изготовления пуансона), prototype, replica, transparency45) Cement: screeding board (для разравнивания бетонной смеси)46) Dental implantology: stent, surgical drive, surgical guide, surgical implant index, surgical stent, surgical template -
7 макет
breadboard, ( расположения информации на перфокарте) layout drawing, ( установки) dummy, layout, mockup, prototype, model set, setupРусско-английский словарь по вычислительной технике и программированию > макет
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8 прототип
Русско-английский индекс к Англо-русскому толковому словарю терминов и сокращений по ВТ, Интернету и программированию > прототип
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